Horizontal Directional Drilling
Horizontal directional drilling is a type of directional drilling, or slant drilling, used to reach natural resources such as oil and natural gas. It’s an important tool in the constant search for the resources that provide our power.
horizontal directional drilling
Until the oil industry lost the perception that deposits were only vertical there could be no horizontal directional drilling. It took a long time for this to come to people’s attention. In 1920 lawsuits over drilling reaching over property lines brought this to oil industry’s attention. New tools developed to help oil companies determine when oil wells moved off in horizontal directions.
It’s easy to measure how much a well is shifted from straight vertical. This is an important step in horizontal directional drilling. It’s accomplished with a pendulum. But engineers must also know which direction the well shifts from vertical. This was first done by measuring magnetic fields, but the metal drilling equipment could influence the fields. Later gyroscopic compasses were used. These were originally designed for aeronautical navigation.
horizontal directional drilling machine
Horizontal directional drilling required a number of other advances in drilling as well. Vertical drilling had provided experience of techniques that would drill crooked, away from the vertical . It was something to be avoided in the past, but could now be put to use. Directional drilling soon taught oil companies how to get back to the vertical. These were both important for steering in directional drilling.
In the 1970’s a major advance made horizontal directional drilling more of a reality. Drills were designed that were mostly stationary, but had rotating drill bits driven by circulating mud down the drill shaft (or drill string.) Now direction could be changed on the fly simply by adding bent pipes at the top.
But horizontal directional drilling required knowing the direction the drill was traveling. MWD, measurement while drilling, techniques evolved to tell people at ground level which way the drill moved.
In modern drilling there are expensive tools which allow direct steering of a drill bit. But they make it possible to automate the drilling process. As more companies research these devices, they will become practical for everyone to use.
horizontal directional drilling contractors
Horizontal directional drilling is all about finding the oil and exploiting it from where it lies.
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